Realtime expression of sHSPs and estimation of Trehalose as a Cyst Quality Index in Artemia

Vikas, P A and Thomas, P C and Sajesh Kumar, N K and Chakraborty, Kajal and Sanil, N K and Vijayan, K K (2024) Realtime expression of sHSPs and estimation of Trehalose as a Cyst Quality Index in Artemia. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 30 (1). pp. 329-333. ISSN 0971–765X

Abstract
The physical and biological conditions of the ecosystem are in a dynamic state, and there is a naturedefined limit where the animals can live naturally. The ability of hypersaline marine invertebrates to_x000D_
withstand salt injuries in oceanic habitats suggests that their cells are equipped with biochemical and genetic_x000D_
mechanisms providing competitive advantages to stress factors. Artemia, universal live feed, is used as_x000D_
live feed for over 85% of marine aquaculture species. The study’s objective is to analyze the real-time_x000D_
expression of small heat shock protein (Hsp) 22 in the different developmental stages of Artemia and_x000D_
determine the differential expression of trehalose in the different cryptobiotic Artemia. To develop a_x000D_
biomarker to analyze the quality/hatching percentage of the Artemia cyst. The study revealed the sHSP22_x000D_
expression in all developmental stages, and the animal is “being prepared for stress” resistance by expressing_x000D_
the sHSP22 for a lifetime. Trehalose, an alpha-linked disaccharide formed by an , -1, 1-glucoside bond_x000D_
between two -glucose units, also protects biological materials against dehydration and desiccation. Artemia_x000D_
cysts survive severe stress, such as long-term anoxia, salinity, and heat, all hallmarks of the Artemia_x000D_
environment due to its rigid chitinous cyst wall permeable and the disaccharide trehalose stabilizing proteins_x000D_
and membranes. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation (0.781) between the hatching_x000D_
percentage and trehalose content (P<0.5). The result indicates the protective role of trehalose over the embryos_x000D_ leading to enhanced hatching. The trehalose content of the cyst could be a potential biomarker index to_x000D_ assess the hatching quality of the Artemia cyst. Artemia Cyst Quality Index (CQI) can be developed, which_x000D_ could be used as a unique standard for determining the quality of Artemia cysts

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